HSC · Mathematics Extension 2 · Calculus · also VCE Integration Techniques live from the app

Integration by Parts

Integration by parts is the product rule reversed, and it trades one integral for another. The skill is choosing u so that the new integral is simpler than the one you started with — otherwise you go in circles. This is the real knowscape from knowhere, not a picture of one. Drag it. Watch what actually changes.

mathematics extension 2 · calculus · integration by partsdrag it · it is yours
the one idea

why this one carries the topic.

You can't integrate what you're handed — so you rewrite it into something you can. Partial fractions splits one hostile quotient into a sum of standard logs; product-to-sum turns a product of trig functions into terms you already know how to integrate. Every technique here is the same move: reshape the integrand until it's a form you've already beaten.

Integration by parts uses the formula ∫u dv = uv − ∫v du, converting a product into a boundary term minus a new integral that should be easier to evaluate.

what examiners catch — The most common error is poor choice of u and dv leading to a harder integral, or forgetting to apply limits to the uv term when doing definite integrals.
what you leave with

five things, not forty.

what's underneath

nothing here is a standalone fact.

knowhere maps every concept to what it rests on and what rests on it — 1 underneath this one, 0 built on top. Each one says why, in a sentence, not as an arrow on a diagram.

this conceptintegration by partsIntegration by parts uses the formula ∫u dv = uv − ∫v du, converting a product into a boundary term minus a new integral that should be easier to evaluate.
sits under itintegration by substitutionbecause parts assumes substitution fluency
the rest of calculus

3 more, same treatment.

Each one is its own knowscape in the app — built for how a particular student takes things in, not one explanation handed to everybody.

integration by substitutionin the appintegration using partial fractionsin the apptrigonometric products as sums and differencesin the app
this is one of 865

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knowherehsc mathematics extension 2integration by parts