Einstein explained this phenomenon in 1905 by treating light as photons that transfer their energy to individual electrons in quantum interactions. The work function is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from the metal surface, and any excess photon energy becomes kinetic energy of the ejected electron. This is the real knowscape from knowhere, not a picture of one. Drag it. Watch what actually changes.
Light spends its energy in whole packets or not at all. A photon's energy lives in its frequency, not the brightness of the beam — which is why dim blue light can eject electrons that a floodlight of red never will. Once you count light instead of measuring it, the classical wave quietly fails.
Light ejects electrons from metal surfaces instantaneously when photon energy exceeds the work function, with excess energy becoming the electron's kinetic energy.
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