DNA samples are loaded into wells in an agarose gel matrix and subjected to an electrical current, causing the negatively charged phosphate backbone of DNA molecules to migrate toward the positive electrode at rates inversely proportional to their molecular size. DNA profiling exploits variation in short tandem repeat regions throughout the genome, where different individuals possess different numbers of repeated sequences at specific loci, creating unique banding patterns when analyzed by electrophoresis.
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Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size as the negatively charged DNA moves through agarose gel toward the positive electrode, with smaller fragments traveling faster and further than larger ones.
what examiners catch — Examiners commonly test whether students understand that DNA moves toward the positive electrode because of its negative phosphate groups, not because of its bases.
what you leave with
three things, not forty.
Smaller DNA fragments move faster and travel further through the gel pores than larger fragments, allowing separation by size that can be visualized using fluorescent dyes or UV light after staining with ethidium bromide
Variable number tandem repeats and short tandem repeats are highly polymorphic non-coding regions inherited in a Mendelian fashion, with each individual inheriting one allele from each parent at any given locus
DNA profiling applications include forensic identification from crime scene samples, paternity testing by comparing allele inheritance patterns, and disease diagnosis by detecting mutations or deletions in specific genes
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this conceptgel electrophoresis and dna profilingGel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size as the negatively charged DNA moves through agarose gel toward the positive electrode, with smaller fragments traveling faster and further than larger ones.
sits under itpolymerase chain reactionbecause you amplify before you run the gel
built on itdna sequencing and profilingbecause Band position by fragment length is how the repeat count is inferred.
the rest of biotechnology
7 more, same treatment.
Each one is its own knowscape in the app — built for how a particular student takes things in, not one explanation handed to everybody.
polymerase chain reactionin the appapplications of biotechnologyin the appcloning organisms and geneslive →recombinant dna technology and transgenic organismsin the appreproductive technologies: ivf and artificial inseminationin the appgene cloning in bacteriain the appgene editing with crispr-cas9in the app
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