VCE · Psychology · Research Methodslive from the app
Validity and reliability
These are the criteria for judging a research design. Internal validity is about the study itself: could a confounding variable explain the result instead of the IV? External validity is about reach: do the findings hold beyond this sample and this lab? Consistent results alone do not make a study valid; a study can repeat the same flawed result every time.
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Validity criteria judge whether the conclusions of a study can be trusted: internal validity asks whether the IV really caused the change in the DV, and external validity asks whether the results generalise to other people (population validity) and real-world settings (ecological validity).
what examiners catch — Students commonly fail to recognise that high reliability does not guarantee validity, or cannot distinguish between internal validity and external validity in applied scenarios.
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Internal validity asks whether the IV actually caused the DV or whether confounding variables provide alternative explanations
External validity encompasses ecological validity, whether findings apply to real-world settings, and population validity, whether results generalise beyond the sample
Reliability can be assessed through test-retest consistency over time, inter-rater agreement between observers, or internal consistency between different parts of the same measure
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this conceptvalidity and reliabilityValidity criteria judge whether the conclusions of a study can be trusted: internal validity asks whether the IV really caused the change in the DV, and external validity asks whether the results generalise to other people (population validity) and real-world settings (ecological validity).
sits under itexperimental method and variablesbecause validity judges a method you must first have
built on itstatistics and significancebecause Significance is a separate judgement from whether the study measured what it claims.
built on itsampling techniquesbecause Representativeness is the link from sampling to external validity.
the rest of research methods
9 more, same treatment.
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ethics: concepts and guidelinesin the appexperimental method and variablesin the appsampling techniquesin the appvariables: the four that matterin the appblind procedures and biaslive →statistics and significancein the appaccuracy, precision and validityin the appsampling and allocationin the appchoosing an investigation methodologyin the app
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