The AUD exchange rate is driven by four primary forces: interest rate differentials (higher RBA rates attract capital inflows, pushing the AUD up), terms of trade (when commodity prices rise, demand for AUD increases to pay Australian exporters), capital flows (foreign investment seeking Australian assets appreciates the currency), and market confidence (geopolitical stability and economic growth forecasts shift demand). These drivers interact continuously in global foreign exchange markets where the AUD is traded 24/7, with supply and demand determining the clearing price against major currencies like the USD, EUR and CNY.