Meiosis and genetic variation: step one cell with two pairs of chromosomes from interphase through the eight named phases of meiosis, switch crossing over and the metaphase I line-up, and count the different gametes it makes: up to four with crossing over, two without

One cell, two divisions, four haploid gametes

Meiosis copies the DNA once, then divides twice, so one diploid cell becomes four haploid gametes. On the way it shuffles the alleles: partner chromosomes swap pieces, and the pairs line up by chance. Step through the phases and count the different gametes: up to four with crossing over on, only two kinds without it. Flipping the line-up changes which alleles travel together, not how many kinds one cell makes, so independent assortment adds variety across many cells, not within one.

Meiosis, phase by phase Step 1 of 9
Step through the phases. Then switch crossing over and the line-up.
Crossing over
Short pair at metaphase I
Interphase · DNA copied
PhaseInterphase
Cells
1
Each cell
2n = 4
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Know This

Meiosis makes four haploid gametes. Crossing over in prophase I can make all four from one cell different; independent assortment in metaphase I lines pairs up differently in different cells, adding variety across many cells.