When infant survival improves but family size stays large, a country enters exponential growth—each new generation becomes the parents of an even bigger one. Watch how Niger's population compounds from 1990 forward, and see the mounting pressure on finite land, water, schools and jobs.
Niger's population explosion stems from persistently high fertility (6.9 births per woman as of 2020) combined with falling child mortality. Improved vaccination and healthcare mean more infants survive to adulthood, but cultural norms around large families remain unchanged. With 50% of the population under age 15, each cohort of new parents is larger than the last—a demographic momentum that locks in decades of rapid growth even if fertility begins to decline. Early marriage and limited access to education for girls perpetuate the cycle, as women with fewer years of schooling tend to have more children.
In a case study of rapid population growth, you must name the country (e.g. Niger), explain the causes (high fertility, falling mortality, youthful age structure), and describe the resulting strains on services, resources, environment and employment—all backed by real data.